Thursday, 25 February 2016
job description on wash cluster
WASH cluster generic job description: Hygiene Promotion Community Mobiliser
Job title: Hygiene Promotion Community Mobiliser
Reports to: Hygiene Promoter
Purpose:
As part of the WASH intervention, to safeguard and improve the public health of the affected population by:
• promoting safe WASH practices, including appropriate use and maintenance of WASH facilities and services;
• ensuring appropriate community involvement in the design and delivery of essential WASH services and facilities.
Key tasks and responsibilities:
Information management
• Gather data during needs assessments, baseline studies, and periodic studies, and help feed back findings to stakeholders.
• Help plan activities to reduce WASH-related risks.
• Record data on routine activities and WASH conditions and forward it to the Hygiene Promoters.
• Liaise with water supply and sanitation field staff.
• Liaise with community leaders and other sectors and agencies working locally.
Implementation
• Help identify key hygiene practices to be addressed and carry out appropriate activities to promote safe practices. These activities may include the following:
communication activities such as community meetings, drama, information campaigns, use of educational materials etc.;
support to water-point committees, hygiene committees, latrine attendants etc.
• Mobilise disaster-affected communities as appropriate.
• Act as the link between the WASH response and the affected population at community level.
• Help identify needs for non-food items relevant to hygiene, participate in the choice of items, targeting strategy, promotion of effective use, and post-distribution monitoring.
Resources management
• Use programme resources effectively and with care.
Programme approach
• Carry out Hygiene Promotion activities in line with relevant standards, codes of conduct, and humanitarian principles.
• Encourage the participation of community members throughout the programme.
• Act in a way that is sensitive to gender, protection, HIV, the environment, and other important cross-cutting concerns.
Person specification:
1. Some prior knowledge of health, hygiene, teaching, or community development.
2. Strong communication skills.
3. Good listening skills.
4. Sensitivity to the needs and priorities of different sectors of the community.
5. Trust and wide acceptance by the community.
6. Diplomacy, tact, and negotiating skills.
7. Literacy, numeracy, and record keeping skills are desirable but may not be essential.
Tuesday, 23 February 2016
Child Hygiene and Sanitation Training
Child Hygiene and Sanitation Training (CHAST)
Executive Summary
Children’s Hygiene and Sanitation Training (CHAST) is an approach for promoting personal hygiene among children. CHAST is based on the well-established Participatory Hygiene And Sanitation Transformation approach and uses a range of exercises and educational games to teach children aged between five and twelve about the links between personal hygiene and health. The approach is based upon the premise that hygiene practices are largely acquired during childhood and therefore it is much easier to change children’s habits than those of adults.
What Is Child and Sanitation Training (CHAST)
Children playing cards within the CHAST approach. Source: IRC (2006)
CHAST is an approach for promoting good hygiene among children and was developed in rural areas of Somalia. It is based upon the PHAST approach. PHAST (Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation) is a participatory learning methodology that supports communities in improving hygiene behaviours, reduce diarrhoeal disease and encourage effective community management of water and sanitation services. CHAST applies a variety of exercises and educational games to educate children about the direct links between personal hygiene and good health.
CHAST is based on the premise that personal hygiene practices are usually acquired during childhood and therefore better to try changing the habits of children than those of adults. The PHAST approach was initially designed for adults and it has been carefully revised and adapted to suit the needs of young children. The CHAST approach takes advantage of the natural attributes that children have less knowledge and experience, fewer responsibilities and a different conception of time and the future and are also naturally inquisitive and eager to learn. CHAST encourages children to actively participate in open discussions and to share their experiences and ideas with their peers. In the CHAST exercises and games, children are encouraged to work independently in pairs or in small groups, and then to present their thoughts and findings to the larger group. CHAST tools are meant to be fun — involving games, exercises and role-plays that prompt the children to discuss and genuinely understand the key issues related to personal cleanliness and hygiene.
Executive Summary
Children’s Hygiene and Sanitation Training (CHAST) is an approach for promoting personal hygiene among children. CHAST is based on the well-established Participatory Hygiene And Sanitation Transformation approach and uses a range of exercises and educational games to teach children aged between five and twelve about the links between personal hygiene and health. The approach is based upon the premise that hygiene practices are largely acquired during childhood and therefore it is much easier to change children’s habits than those of adults.
What Is Child and Sanitation Training (CHAST)
Children playing cards within the CHAST approach. Source: IRC (2006)
CHAST is an approach for promoting good hygiene among children and was developed in rural areas of Somalia. It is based upon the PHAST approach. PHAST (Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation) is a participatory learning methodology that supports communities in improving hygiene behaviours, reduce diarrhoeal disease and encourage effective community management of water and sanitation services. CHAST applies a variety of exercises and educational games to educate children about the direct links between personal hygiene and good health.
CHAST is based on the premise that personal hygiene practices are usually acquired during childhood and therefore better to try changing the habits of children than those of adults. The PHAST approach was initially designed for adults and it has been carefully revised and adapted to suit the needs of young children. The CHAST approach takes advantage of the natural attributes that children have less knowledge and experience, fewer responsibilities and a different conception of time and the future and are also naturally inquisitive and eager to learn. CHAST encourages children to actively participate in open discussions and to share their experiences and ideas with their peers. In the CHAST exercises and games, children are encouraged to work independently in pairs or in small groups, and then to present their thoughts and findings to the larger group. CHAST tools are meant to be fun — involving games, exercises and role-plays that prompt the children to discuss and genuinely understand the key issues related to personal cleanliness and hygiene.
opening day and time of Narayanhiti museum
Narayanhiti Palace Museum location and hours
Narayanhiti Palace Museum
Durbar Marg
Kathmandu
Nepal
Durbar Marg
Kathmandu
Nepal
Open from 11:00-3:00 Thursday through Monday (closed Tuesday and Wednesday).
Admission is currently NRs 500 for foreigners and NRs 100 for citizens of Nepal
simply knowledge about how earth is formed ??
The Earth is thought to have been formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions in the giant disc-shaped cloud of material that also formed the Sun. Gravity slowly gathered this gas and dust together into clumps that became asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals.
know about possible questions that can be asked in IELTS Speaking test
Are you a full-time or part-time student?
What subject(s) are you studying?
Why did you choose this/these subject(s)?
Which topic/subject do you find the most difficult/interesting?
What was your favourite subject when you were at school?
What do you plan to do when you finish studying?
Is there anything else you would like to study in the future?
What subject(s) are you studying?
Why did you choose this/these subject(s)?
Which topic/subject do you find the most difficult/interesting?
What was your favourite subject when you were at school?
What do you plan to do when you finish studying?
Is there anything else you would like to study in the future?
how to be aware of earthquake before and after
Before the Earthquake:
Learn how to survive during the ground motion. This is described in the "During the Earthquake" section below. The earthquake safety tips there will prepare you for the fast action needed - most earthquakes are over in seconds so knowing what to do instinctively is very important.
Teach all members of your family about earthquake safety. This includes: 1) the actions you should take when an earthquake occurs, 2) the safe places in a room such as under a strong desk, along interior walls, and 3) places to avoid such as near windows, large mirrors, hanging objects, heavy furniture and fireplaces.
Stock up on emergency supplies. These include: battery operated radio (and extra batteries), flashlights (and extra batteries), first aid kit, bottled water, two weeks food and medical supplies, blankets, cooking fuel, tools needed to turn off your gas, water and electric utilities.
Arrange your home for safety: Store heavy objects on lower shelves and store breakable objects in cabnents with latched doors. Don't hang heavy mirrors or pictures above where people frequently sit or sleep.
Anchor heavy appliances and furniture such as water heaters, refrigerators and bookcases.
Store flamable liquids away from potential ignition sources such as water heaters, stoves and furnaces.
Get Educated. Learn what to do during an earthquake (see below). Then you will be ready for the fast action needed. Make sure that all members of your family have this important education.
Learn where the main turn-offs are for your water, gas and electricity. Know how to turn them off and the location of any needed tool
During the Earthquake:
If you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall. The goal is to protect yourself from falling objects and be located near the structural strong points of the room. Avoid taking cover near windows, large mirrors, hanging objects, heavy furniture, heavy appliances or fireplaces.
If you are cooking, turn off the stove and take cover.
If you are outdoors, move to an open area where falling objects are unlikely to strike you. Move away from buildings, powerlines and trees.
If you are driving, slow down smoothly and stop on the side of the road. Avoid stopping on or under bridges and overpasses, or under power lines, trees and large signs. Stay in your car.
After the Earthquake:
Check for injuries, attend to injuries if needed, help ensure the safety of people around you.
Check for damage. If your building is badly damaged you should leave it until it has been inspected by a safety professional.
If you smell or hear a gas leak, get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas at the meter. Report the leak to the gas company and fire department. Do not use any electrical appliances because a tiny spark could ignite the gas.
If the power is out, unplug major appliances to prevent possible damage when the power is turned back on. If you see sparks, frayed wires, or smell hot insulation turn off electricity at the main fuse box or breaker. If you will have to step in water to turn off the electricity you should call a professional to turn it off for you.
Learn how to survive during the ground motion. This is described in the "During the Earthquake" section below. The earthquake safety tips there will prepare you for the fast action needed - most earthquakes are over in seconds so knowing what to do instinctively is very important.
Teach all members of your family about earthquake safety. This includes: 1) the actions you should take when an earthquake occurs, 2) the safe places in a room such as under a strong desk, along interior walls, and 3) places to avoid such as near windows, large mirrors, hanging objects, heavy furniture and fireplaces.
Stock up on emergency supplies. These include: battery operated radio (and extra batteries), flashlights (and extra batteries), first aid kit, bottled water, two weeks food and medical supplies, blankets, cooking fuel, tools needed to turn off your gas, water and electric utilities.
Arrange your home for safety: Store heavy objects on lower shelves and store breakable objects in cabnents with latched doors. Don't hang heavy mirrors or pictures above where people frequently sit or sleep.
Anchor heavy appliances and furniture such as water heaters, refrigerators and bookcases.
Store flamable liquids away from potential ignition sources such as water heaters, stoves and furnaces.
Get Educated. Learn what to do during an earthquake (see below). Then you will be ready for the fast action needed. Make sure that all members of your family have this important education.
Learn where the main turn-offs are for your water, gas and electricity. Know how to turn them off and the location of any needed tool
During the Earthquake:
If you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall. The goal is to protect yourself from falling objects and be located near the structural strong points of the room. Avoid taking cover near windows, large mirrors, hanging objects, heavy furniture, heavy appliances or fireplaces.
If you are cooking, turn off the stove and take cover.
If you are outdoors, move to an open area where falling objects are unlikely to strike you. Move away from buildings, powerlines and trees.
If you are driving, slow down smoothly and stop on the side of the road. Avoid stopping on or under bridges and overpasses, or under power lines, trees and large signs. Stay in your car.
After the Earthquake:
Check for injuries, attend to injuries if needed, help ensure the safety of people around you.
Check for damage. If your building is badly damaged you should leave it until it has been inspected by a safety professional.
If you smell or hear a gas leak, get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas at the meter. Report the leak to the gas company and fire department. Do not use any electrical appliances because a tiny spark could ignite the gas.
If the power is out, unplug major appliances to prevent possible damage when the power is turned back on. If you see sparks, frayed wires, or smell hot insulation turn off electricity at the main fuse box or breaker. If you will have to step in water to turn off the electricity you should call a professional to turn it off for you.
why public health education needed?
Health educators focus on helping groups of people, from family units to large urban communities, by developing educational campaigns and programs to promote healthy habits and environments. Their duties are more research-oriented and administrative.
Unlike other community health roles, educators don't usually work face-to-face with populations to collect information and provide counseling. Instead, public health educators analyze data about key demographics and work to create or improve health programs. This role is ideal for people who like to get a big-picture view of things and apply their problem solving abilities across broad populations. Depending on their preferred balance of advising and teaching duties, educators can choose from a number of specialized roles.
Meaning of inflation and its effect
What is 'Inflation'??
Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising and, consequently, the purchasing power of currency is falling. Central banks attempt to limit inflation, and avoid deflation, in order to keep the economy running smoothly.
BREAKING DOWN 'Inflation'
As a result of inflation, the purchasing power of a unit of currency falls. For example, if the inflation rate is 2%, then a pack of gum that costs $1 in a given year will cost $1.02 the next year. As goods and services require more money to purchase, the implicit value of that money falls.
Monetarism theorizes that inflation is related to the money supply of an economy. For example, following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires, massive amounts of gold and especially silver flowed into the Spanish and other European economies. Since the money supply had rapidly increased, prices spiked and the value of money fell, contributing to economic collapse.
Monday, 22 February 2016
Education in the United States is provided by public schools and private schools.
Public education is universally required at the K–12 level, and is available at state colleges and universities for all students. K–12 public school curricula, budgets, and policies are set through locally elected school boards, who have jurisdiction over individual school districts. State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems, and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities. Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.
Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities. About 87% of school-age children attend public schools, about 10% attend private schools, and roughly 3% are home-schooled.
Education is compulsory over an age range starting between five and eight and ending somewhere between ages sixteen and eighteen, depending on the state. This requirement can be satisfied in public schools, state-certified private schools, or an approved home school program. In most schools, education is divided into three levels: elementary school, middle or junior high school, and high school. Children are usually divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten and first grade for the youngest children, up to twelfth grade as the final year of high school.
There are also a large number and wide variety of publicly and privately administered institutions of higher education throughout the country. Post-secondary education, divided into college, as the first tertiary degree, and graduate school, is described in a separate section below.
The United States spends more per student on education than any other country. In 2014, the Pearson/Economist Intelligence Unit rated US education as 14th best in the world, just behind Russia.According to a report published by the U.S. News & World Report, of the top ten colleges and universities in the world, eight are American.(The other two are Oxford and Cambridge, in the United Kingdom.)
Public education is universally required at the K–12 level, and is available at state colleges and universities for all students. K–12 public school curricula, budgets, and policies are set through locally elected school boards, who have jurisdiction over individual school districts. State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems, and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities. Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.
Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities. About 87% of school-age children attend public schools, about 10% attend private schools, and roughly 3% are home-schooled.
Education is compulsory over an age range starting between five and eight and ending somewhere between ages sixteen and eighteen, depending on the state. This requirement can be satisfied in public schools, state-certified private schools, or an approved home school program. In most schools, education is divided into three levels: elementary school, middle or junior high school, and high school. Children are usually divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten and first grade for the youngest children, up to twelfth grade as the final year of high school.
There are also a large number and wide variety of publicly and privately administered institutions of higher education throughout the country. Post-secondary education, divided into college, as the first tertiary degree, and graduate school, is described in a separate section below.
The United States spends more per student on education than any other country. In 2014, the Pearson/Economist Intelligence Unit rated US education as 14th best in the world, just behind Russia.According to a report published by the U.S. News & World Report, of the top ten colleges and universities in the world, eight are American.(The other two are Oxford and Cambridge, in the United Kingdom.)
well said quotation about education by philosophers
"Education is not filling a bucket but lighting a fire." William B Yates
"Education is the best provision for old age." Aristotle
"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." Nelson Mandela
“Education is not the piling on of learning, information, data, facts, skills, or abilities — that's training or instruction — but is rather making visible what is hidden as a seed.” Thomas More
"An education isn't how much you have committed to memory, or even how much you know. It's being able to differentiate between what you do know and what you don't." Anatole France
"It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it."
Aristotle
"Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten." B. F. Skinner
“The mere imparting of information is not education.” Carter G. Woodson
“The information is in the people, not in your head.” Edward T. Hall
"Education is the best provision for old age." Aristotle
"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." Nelson Mandela
“Education is not the piling on of learning, information, data, facts, skills, or abilities — that's training or instruction — but is rather making visible what is hidden as a seed.” Thomas More
"An education isn't how much you have committed to memory, or even how much you know. It's being able to differentiate between what you do know and what you don't." Anatole France
"It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it."
Aristotle
"Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten." B. F. Skinner
“The mere imparting of information is not education.” Carter G. Woodson
“The information is in the people, not in your head.” Edward T. Hall
School Education by swami Vivekanand
You cannot teach a child any more than you can grow a plant. The plant develops its own nature. The child also teaches itself. But you can help it to go forward in its own way. What you can do is not of a positive nature but negative. You can take away the obstacles and knowledge comes out of its own nature. Loosen the soil a little, so that it may come out easily. Put a hedge round it, see that it is not kitted by anything. You can supply the growing seed with the materials for the making up of its body, brining to it the earth, the water, the air that it wants. And there your work stops.
About Learning
"The greatest knowledge of all is what you learn after you know everything." I thought I knew it all after having professional success at a young age. I came to find out that there was a world of baseball business that I never knew existed. Thanks SMWW for giving me this knowledge to not only advance my career but my dreams as well! I felt the course was almost perfect...The books were outstanding and I looked forward to the reading assignments each week. I really enjoyed the insight that Jonathan and Maury brought each and every week...wonderful instructors!
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